Ankylosing Spondylitis: Understanding the Condition, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a type of arthritis, primarily affects the spine, causing inflammation in the spinal joints and ligaments that can lead to severe pain and stiffness. Over time, this inflammation may cause the vertebrae to fuse, resulting in a rigid and inflexible spine. This progressive disease, also called axial spondyloarthritis, can impact daily activities, posture, and quality of life. Though there’s no cure, various treatments can help manage symptoms and improve mobility. Here, we’ll explore the symptoms, causes, risk factors, and some effective management strategies.

What Is Ankylosing Spondylitis?

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects not only the spine but also peripheral joints like the hips, shoulders, knees, and even the ribs. Typically, the spinal joints and ligaments support movement and flexibility, but AS causes them to become inflamed, leading to pain and stiffness. In advanced cases, new bone forms as part of the body’s healing response, causing sections of the spine to fuse, which results in a hunched or stooped posture. AS can also affect other body systems, leading to eye inflammation (uveitis), skin conditions like psoriasis, and gut diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Symptoms of Ankylosing Spondylitis

The most common symptom of ankylosing spondylitis is persistent lower back and hip pain that may worsen during rest or inactivity. Many people experience more pain at night or after long periods of sitting, but the pain often improves with movement and exercise. AS symptoms can vary widely and may include:

  • Lower back and hip pain: Often worse in the morning and improves throughout the day.
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  • Stiffness: Especially noticeable in the spine and hips, impacting flexibility.
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  • Joint pain: Pain and inflammation can extend to the shoulders, knees, ribs, and feet.
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  • Difficulty breathing: Caused by stiffness in the rib cage, which limits lung expansion.
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  • Eye inflammation: Uveitis, causing red eyes, light sensitivity, and vision changes.
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  • Fatigue: Chronic inflammation can lead to persistent tiredness.
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  • Digestive issues: Some people may experience abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits.

Ankylosing spondylitis often progresses in “flares,” where symptoms become more intense, followed by periods of remission. It’s essential to monitor these symptoms closely and seek medical advice when pain or stiffness worsens.

Who Is at Risk for Ankylosing Spondylitis?

AS can affect anyone, though certain factors may increase the likelihood of developing the condition:

  • Genetics: Most people with AS carry the HLA-B27 gene, though not everyone with the gene develops the disease.
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  • Family history: A family history of AS can elevate the risk.
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  • Age: Symptoms typically begin before age 45, though they can start as early as adolescence.
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  • Related conditions: Those with Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, or psoriasis may have a higher risk.
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Research has shown that the HLA-B27 gene is closely linked to AS, though other genetic and environmental factors also play a role. Studies continue to investigate additional genetic variations to better understand AS.

Complications of Ankylosing Spondylitis

In severe cases, ankylosing spondylitis can lead to complications that extend beyond the spine:

  • Spinal fusion: New bone formation causes vertebrae to fuse, leading to a loss of spinal flexibility and a fixed posture.
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  • Restricted lung capacity: Fusion in the rib cage can limit lung expansion, making deep breaths challenging.
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  • Compression fractures: Weakened vertebrae increase the risk of fractures, potentially pressing on spinal nerves.
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  • Heart issues: Inflammation in AS can enlarge the aorta, the body’s largest artery, affecting heart function.

Managing Ankylosing Spondylitis

While there is no cure for ankylosing spondylitis, effective treatment options are available to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) recommends a combination of medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle adjustments to help reduce inflammation, control pain, and maintain mobility. Exercise is crucial for people with AS, as it helps to prevent stiffness and maintain flexibility. Activities such as swimming, stretching, and low-impact exercises are highly recommended.

The Role of Chiropractic Care in Ankylosing Spondylitis

Chiropractic care has shown promise as a supportive treatment for ankylosing spondylitis, particularly in inactive or early stages of the disease. A 2017 study published in the Journal of Chiropractic Medicine reviewed three cases of patients with inactive AS. The patients underwent a combination of chiropractic manipulation, physical therapy, and home-based stretching exercises, resulting in pain reduction and improved daily activities. Similarly, a case report published in the Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics showed that chiropractic care, including spinal manipulation and mobilization, could help a 30-year-old patient with advanced AS gain slight improvements in quality of life and spinal flexibility.

Chiropractors may use gentle, targeted adjustments to help alleviate tension, improve spinal alignment, and relieve discomfort associated with AS. Treatment plans often include lifestyle recommendations, exercises, and stretches tailored to each patient’s specific needs. Although chiropractic care is not a primary treatment for AS, it can play an integrative role alongside traditional medical care, especially for those seeking to maintain mobility and manage pain.

Schedule a Free Consultation at the Muscle and Joint Clinic

At the Muscle and Joint Clinic, we understand the unique challenges of managing ankylosing spondylitis. Our experienced chiropractors are dedicated to creating a personalized approach to help relieve pain, improve flexibility, and support overall wellness. If you’re experiencing symptoms of AS or want to explore how chiropractic care can complement your existing treatment, schedule a free consultation with our team. We’ll discuss your health goals, assess your needs, and create a plan tailored to you.

Disclaimer: This blog is for informational purposes only. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting new treatments or making changes to your health routine.

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